The Automatic Control of a Steam Driven Power Generator to Maintain Steam Pressure in Turbine

Abstract

LFC, Load frequency control is the core factor which stands responsible to sustain the stable and efficient working of the power system for producing high-quality electricity. The major goal of LFC (Load frequency control) is to maintain the frequency at the ideal required output for smooth working of the system. LFC deals with the frequency regulation against the variations caused by the various load disturbances. Therefore, frequency controller must be integrated with the recently developed intelligent techniques to enhance the working of power generation structure. The Load-frequency Control uses speed control of governor to retain the equilibrium between load required and power generation system in every control region. The main function of LFC is to minimize the deviations in system error by steady-state and transient reaction to zero beforehand. There has been significant progress in developing different controllers, based on different intelligent techniques. The frequency of load varies with time so it is difficult to select its optimal value. The conventional controller frequently generates unnecessary overshoot to a step input and there is also an unwanted settling time. The conventional Load frequency controller is unable to produce acceptable performance of the control along with the singularities of the speed of governor system e.g., rate limits of steam on valve position. To solve these issues, several different techniques have been suggested and implemented in past, some of which are proved nearby very useful in upholding the steadiness of the system. In this case, our strategy is to design an automatic feedback response controller for load frequency control model that can maintain the system stable by rejecting the disturbances in the frequency caused by the system dynamics. To maintain the acceptable value of frequency by controlling the speed of governor shaft.  The two main requirements of this design are stability and transient Response. According to the idea, the control model should be more reliable and able to diminish the steady-state error by zero using the closed-loop feedback mechanism. This automatic controller should be able to control the speed of the governor system to control the steam valve position that maintains the steam pressure in the turbine which maintains the generator’s shaft speed accordingly. The controller gets the steady state error and compensates it with an input command until the output matches the input and the system becomes stable.