Technology Forces Journal of Engineering and Sciences

A Comparative Study of Attack Mitigation Strategies in Medical Internet of Things (MIoT)

Muhammad Faraz Khan Khan — 2025-04-22

The rapid proliferation of Medical Internet of Things (MIoT) devices has revolutionized healthcare by enhancing patient monitoring, treatment, and diagnosis. However, this technological advancement also presents significant security challenges, as MIoT Devices are susceptible to an extensive array of cyber threats that have the potential to compromise both the confidentiality of patient information and overall safety. This research paper presents a comprehensive comparative study of various attack mitigation strategies deployed in MIoT environments, aiming to evaluate their effectiveness and robustness.

The study analyzes and compares a selection of state-of-the-art security mechanisms and strategies, including intrusion detection systems, access control methods, encryption techniques, and network segmentation approaches. We assess the performance of these strategies in terms of their ability to thwart common cyber threats, such as malware, data breaches, and unauthorized access. Real-world scenarios and attack simulations are employed to test the strategies under different conditions, providing valuable insights into their practical applicability and strengths.

The findings of this comparative analysis reveal the strengths and limitations of each approach, offering healthcare providers, device manufacturers, and policymakers a holistic perspective on the most suitable security measures for MIoT systems. Moreover, the research paper sheds light on emerging threats and the evolving landscape of MIoT security, guiding future research and the development of robust security solutions in this critical domain. Ultimately, our study aims to contribute to the safeguarding of patient data and the integrity of MIoT systems, ensuring that healthcare remains a secure and reliable field in the era of digital transformation.

Smart Geyser: Revolutionizing Gas Conservation and User Convenience

M Atif Saeed — 2025-04-22

The conventional use of home geysers typically involves manual operation, where the geyser is left ON for extended periods without immediate use, resulting in gas wastage and environmental pollution. Given the finite nature of natural gas reserves, it is imperative to adopt more efficient approaches for prolonged utilization. This paper introduces a novel solution: the implementation of a smart geyser system. This system is equipped with sensors and actuators, transforming it into a mechatronics marvel. Additionally, it integrates with an internet of things (IoT)-based application, accessible with an internet connection. The application allows users to remotely initiate the ignition process with a simple press of the ON button. Within minutes, the smart geyser efficiently heats the water. Notably, by introducing a sensor fusion approach, this smart geyser demonstrates a remarkable 22% gas savings compared to conventional gas geysers. This technological advancement is particularly beneficial in regions facing gas shortages, offering a more sustainable and environmentally conscious solution.

Ensuring Trust: The Critical Role of Security in Digital Payment Systems

Jawad Hussain Awan — 2025-04-22

The growing dependence on digital payment systems has brought about important progresses in suitability and convenience for customers and industries alike. Though, this growth in digital transactions also offerings sharp dangers related with cybersecurity cracks and scam. This paper discovers the several security approaches applied in digital payment systems to defence sensitive financial data and certify protected transactions. Key security measures discussed include multi-factor authentication (MFA), data encryption, and compliance with regulatory standards such as GDPR. Moreover, the role of protected development of applications, incessant monitoring, and end-user schooling is observed as an important mechanisms of a vigorous safety model. Through these mutual efforts, the main goal of digital payment systems is to adoptive trust and assurance amid users while modifying the cyber-risks of cyber threats. This paper accomplishes by highlighting the importance of continuing technical modernisation and regulatory association to discourse emergent security issues in the growing digital payment systems.

H?-based Output Observer design for Fault Detection in Twin Rotor System with model uncertainty

Masood Ahmad — 2025-04-22

The control of complex air vehicles like, Twin Rotor Multiple Input Multiple Output System (TRMS), is difficult due to significant cross-coupling between the rotors and gyroscopic disturbance. Gyroscopic disturbance and sudden sensor faults in the DC motor of the rotors affects the TRMS reliability and safety as well. Immediate fault indication is indispensable in such safety critical vehicles. In this paper, an output observer-based technique is synthesized to address the sensor fault detection (FD) problem in TRMS subjected to deterministic disturbance and norm-bounded model uncertainty in the system matrix. A robust observer is proposed using norm minimization approach to generate the residual for fault detection. Additionally, a state feedback controller is designed to achieve the desired transient response requirement of the system. The current study is different from the previous work in that it considers deterministic disturbance and norm-bounded model uncertainty for an observer-based residual generator design for fault detection along with controller. Simulation studies confirm the effectiveness of the proposed observer in terms of successful sensor fault detection.

Analysis of Optimal Fertilizer Techniques and Tools for Agricultural Crops

Abdullah Irfan — 2025-04-22

The need for food is growing as the world's population is rising especially in developing countries. The utilization of Variable Rate Fertilization (VRT) is deemed essential when taking into account economic and productivity aspects. For VRT, several approaches are used, including sensor-based technology that makes use of smart devices and map-based technology based on Global Positioning System (GPS). Different control methods, such as PID controllers and fuzzy PID controllers, are used to calculate the optimal amount of fertilizer for crops. By improving accuracy and reducing system deficiencies, these controllers guarantee that fertilizer is applied precisely. The findings show that while map-based technology is more straightforward and less expensive for calculating fertilizer requirements, sensor-based technology outperforms it in terms of precision. The PID controller successfully lowers settling time and error, but it also has a tendency to stray from its steady state when there are little disturbances, according to controller performance study. Conversely, fuzzy PID displays a more stable state but has more overshoot. Furthermore, NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) is frequently utilized with tools like green seeker in Variable Rate Technology (VRT) for agriculture. Plant vigor is measured using NDVI data, which is obtained from remote sensing and is used to evaluate crop health. With its optical sensors, green seeker reads NDVI measurements in real time, enabling precise variable-rate input application dependent on crop circumstances in order to optimally increase yield.