Technology Forces Journal of Engineering and Sciences

The Modelling, Design and Analysis of Automatic Temperature Control of a Room from Indoor Radiator Power

Musa Imran — 2024-05-08

In today's technological age, automatic control
has become ubiquitous, with manual control of appliances
becoming a thing of the past. This research focuses on the
automated control of room heating systems which use
appropriate sensors to make the system sensitive to outdoor
temperature, occupancy, humidity, and user input, thereby
achieving optimal human comfort and response reliability.
The aim is to design a reliable control system with transient
and steady-state responses that reduce power costs, increase
integration, and improve the user experience, without
requiring the user to turn off or adjust the temperature.
Previous research has been done on efficient controllers to
maintain constant room temperatures based on room
temperature coefficients and advanced sensors. However,
these neglect user experience. This study works on design of
an efficient controller for a large sized room. The simulation
of a model room with a knob control system shows promising
results. While the current work does not take into account
actuator effects or computational fluid dynamics methods for
optimizing parameters, it provides a reasonable model with
positive results. This study could continue into completely
automated heating systems in homes and hospitals, by
integrating appropriate sensors and heating actuators,
allowing users to simply turn on a heater and never worry
about making adjustments, for a further seamless experience.

Performance Evaluation of M-ATTEMPT, SIMPLE, & LEACH Protocols for Wireless Body Area Networks

Bilal Muhammad Khan — 2024-05-08

Wireless Sensor Networks are a modern and efficient way of monitoring different parameters of interest like habitant monitoring, agriculture field monitoring, environmental monitoring, battle field monitoring and many more. Similarly, Body Area Networking is also becoming a well-known area of WSNs. Our efforts in this paper are to explain in some more detail to the simulation results of published journal articles named Mobility-Supporting Adaptive Threshold-based Thermal-Aware Energy-Efficient Multi-hop Protocol (M-ATTEMPT), Stable Increased-Throughput Multi-hop Protocol for Link Efficiency in Wireless Body Area Networks (SIMPLE) & Wireless Sensor Networks in Biomedical: Wireless Body Area Networks. References for these articles will be provided in different sections of this paper. In article named Wireless Sensor Networks in Biomedical: Wireless Body Area Networks, authors did not provide any name for their proposed scheme so we are going to call it as LEACH-BAN (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy for Body Area Networks) throughout this paper. Our performance evaluation parameters are number of dead nodes verses number of rounds, number of data packets successfully sent from forwarder nodes to sink verses number of rounds, residual energy of network verses number of rounds and path loss verses number of rounds. Based on these parameters, we are going to analyze these protocols to evaluate their performance regarding longer stability period, more network life time, higher throughput, more residual energy and less path loss. During simulation results, we also analyze SIMPLE protocol with some improvements to enhance its efficiency as improved version of SIMPLE protocol. Based on these amendments SIMPLE protocol is showing more efficient simulation results than its previous version.

The Design and Characterization of Foldable Tandem Wing Tube Launched Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)

Muhammad Hasnain Khan — 2024-05-08

This paper presents the design and characterization of a tandem wing UAV that is launched from a tube. The UAV is designed to be lightweight and compact, making it ideal for launch from confined spaces. The UAV is also designed to be stable in flight, even in gusty winds. The paper presents the results of wind tunnel tests that were conducted to characterize the aerodynamic performance of the UAV. The results of the tests show that the UAV has good aerodynamic performance, and that it is stable in flight. The paper also presents the results of flight tests that were conducted to validate the design of the UAV. The results of the flight tests show that the UAV is capable of stable flight, and that it can be launched from a tube reliably. The paper concludes by discussing the potential applications of the UAV. The UAV is well-suited for a variety of applications, including surveillance, reconnaissance, and delivery. The UAV is also relatively inexpensive to build, making it a cost-effective option for a variety of applications.

The Modeling and Analysis of Current Control of Brain Pacemaker in Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson’s Patients

Muhammad Hasnain Khan — 2024-05-08

— Parkinson’s disease has been problematic for
many people around the world. The loss of neurons in brain
area produces an imbalance between the direct and indirect
pathways. It causes a person to lose its motorfunctions,
sense of balance and is diagnosed with tremors. The
medicines available up to date are not good enough to treat
this disease. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is currently the
best way of treating Parkinson’s disease patients when
medication fails. The work we have done will aim to help in
improving life of patients diagnosed with Parkinson’s
disease which are treated using DBS. We aim to develop a
closed loop deep brain stimulation system that will use
various biomarkers as sensors that will give feedback,
based on those feedback the integrated control system will
determine how much stimulation is needed to complete the
task. We aim to develop such a system that will have the
benefits of an Open loop deep brain stimulation and
functions based on a feedback system like a closed loop deep
brain stimulation. It will have 90% efficiency and remove
up to 90% of the tremors and motor movement hindrance.
It will act only when the stimulation is needed which will
conserve battery life At the end of this research, we aim to
achieve a closed loop deep brain stimulation system thatwill
be efficient and accurate enough to not only treat
Parkinson’s disease but other various neuro-degenerative
diseases like epilepsy that can be treated of low frequency
stimulations. The outcome of our research will significantly
save patients diagnosed with Parkinson's disease from
having follow up operations of battery replacement. It will
also reduce 90% of the tremors and motor movement
restrictions while conserving the battery

A Comparison of Conventional and Fuzzy PD Embedded Controllers for Liquid Level Control in Surge Tank System

Muhammad Saleheen Aftab — 2024-05-08

This paper presents the design and comparative analysis of conventional and Fuzzy Logic based embedded PD controllers to control the liquid level in a surge tank. First the design of controllers is presented and then their performance is simulated and analyzed with the TrueTime Simulator integrated within Simulink environment. The effects of changing embedded controller parameters over the system performance have also been presented. Finally the performance of the two controllers in view of the constraints imposed by the embedded hardware is discussed.