Technology Forces Journal of Engineering and Sciences

A Numerical PID Tuning Approach for LTI Systems

Salman Zaffar, Talha Asif — Tue, 09 Jan 2024 00:00:00 -0700

This paper presents a novel PID tuning approach for nth-order LTI systems. It is a purely time-domain approach which determines the controller gains kP , kI , and kD by utilizing the characteristic polynomial of closed-loop output dynamics. Using the fact that the value of discriminant of the characteristic
polynomial of output dynamics is representative of critically-, under- or over-damped transient response, the proposed numerical approach computationally searches for those sets of controller gains which yield the desired transient response. Furthermore, the computational search can be refined by considering step response attributes such as rise time, settling time, overshoot and etc. Simulation results are included to show the efficacy of the proposition.

CONTROL OF ROBOTIC ARM MANIPULATOR JOINT

Tue, 09 Jan 2024 00:00:00 -0700

In this paper, we have reviewed all the previous work done on the problem of controlling a robotic arm manipulator joint. Various techniques are being used for controlling the manipulator and the work is being done since the early 1980s. A robotic arm manipulator is a robotic device with attached AC or DC motors to joints for position change and speed output, while algorithms, feedback systems, etc. control those inputs. Common control systems such as PID and PI have been used for fine-tuning to approach the stability in the system. Further, we tend to find the best possible technique for stabilizing the control system of the robotic arm joint. The purpose of this work is to find the best approach in designing a robotic manipulator that is both efficient in work and reaches the point of stability in least time possible. Robotic arm is used for different tasks that aren’t either possible by human hand or can be injurious to workers. So, taking all precautions into account, we must design a robotic manipulator that can fulfil the purpose justly. In order to design such a machine, or its algorithm, we must analyze all the factors that effect its efficiency, moreover all the techniques and mathematical models are to be studied and ensured that they have been applied and have experienced people work on it. Keywords: robotic arm, PID control, Joint manipulator.

Adaptive routing protocol for Industrial Wireless Network

Bilal Muhammad Khan — Tue, 09 Jan 2024 00:00:00 -0700

In Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks discovering and maintaining link between the nodes is difficult. Mobility of nodes in MANETs provides a challenging problem for designing an efficient and reliable routing strategy for data transmission. Most of the routing protocol uses control signalling to determine the active link in the network. The duration of these signals affects the network performance like throughput, reliability and energy. This paper provides simulation analysis to find optimize values for the control signals. To the best of author knowledge this adaptive approach is first of its kind and produces enhanced results with less complexity. The paper proposes a novel protocol namely Adaptive AODV (AAODV) for the selection of control signals according to network parameter and topology for optimum results. The result shows increase in throughput of AAODV by 28% with maintaining high reliability as of Conventional AODV.

The Automatic Control of a Steam Driven Power Generator to Maintain Steam Pressure in Turbine

Huzaifa Hanif, Rizwan Zameer, Majid Mehmood, Dr. Irtiza Ali Shah — Tue, 09 Jan 2024 00:00:00 -0700

LFC, Load frequency control is the core factor which stands responsible to sustain the stable and efficient working of the power system for producing high-quality electricity. The major goal of LFC (Load frequency control) is to maintain the frequency at the ideal required output for smooth working of the system. LFC deals with the frequency regulation against the variations caused by the various load disturbances. Therefore, frequency controller must be integrated with the recently developed intelligent techniques to enhance the working of power generation structure. The Load-frequency Control uses speed control of governor to retain the equilibrium between load required and power generation system in every control region. The main function of LFC is to minimize the deviations in system error by steady-state and transient reaction to zero beforehand. There has been significant progress in developing different controllers, based on different intelligent techniques. The frequency of load varies with time so it is difficult to select its optimal value. The conventional controller frequently generates unnecessary overshoot to a step input and there is also an unwanted settling time. The conventional Load frequency controller is unable to produce acceptable performance of the control along with the singularities of the speed of governor system e.g., rate limits of steam on valve position. To solve these issues, several different techniques have been suggested and implemented in past, some of which are proved nearby very useful in upholding the steadiness of the system. In this case, our strategy is to design an automatic feedback response controller for load frequency control model that can maintain the system stable by rejecting the disturbances in the frequency caused by the system dynamics. To maintain the acceptable value of frequency by controlling the speed of governor shaft. The two main requirements of this design are stability and transient Response. According to the idea, the control model should be more reliable and able to diminish the steady-state error by zero using the closed-loop feedback mechanism. This automatic controller should be able to control the speed of the governor system to control the steam valve position that maintains the steam pressure in the turbine which maintains the generator’s shaft speed accordingly. The controller gets the steady state error and compensates it with an input command until the output matches the input and the system becomes stable.

Dynamic Traffic Control and Management System Utilizing Real-Time Image Processing A Sustainable Approach for Traffic Congestion in Developing Countries

Muhammad Atif — Tue, 09 Jan 2024 00:00:00 -0700

Traffic congestion and management pose critical challenges in urban cities and developing countries, particularly in South Asian countries like Pakistan. The problem has escalated due to the exponential growth in the number of vehicles and inadequate road infrastructure. This issue goes beyond mere traffic congestion, as it is accompanied by air pollution, wastage of valuable resources such as fuel, energy, and time, and has adverse effects on the overall well-being of individuals in third world countries. Furthermore, it contributes to global warming and disrupts natural ecosystems. The current traffic control system in Pakistan relies mainly on time-based traffic signal systems. In this study, we propose a dynamic traffic control and management system that utilizes real-time image processing to make informed decisions regarding traffic routes and signal timings. By harnessing the latest advancements in image processing technology, our system collects, organizes, and transmits data to the existing traffic control infrastructure, enabling the integration of up-to-date information for efficient traffic timing control. This system aims to improve road safety, reduce accidents, and minimize unnecessary fuel consumption, ultimately enhancing the quality of life for individuals. By implementing this innovative approach, we anticipate significant improvements in traffic flow, reduced congestion, and optimized resource utilization. The utilization of real-time data and intelligent decision-making based on image processing technologies offers a promising solution to address the pressing issues associated with traffic control in Pakistan. This research contributes to the development of a more sustainable and efficient traffic management system, benefiting both individuals and the environment