The Retention of Generation Y Employees in Pakistan
Abstract
The retention of employees belonging to generation Y is a problematic issue. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate how compensation package, working environment, growth opportunities and frequent feedback aff ect the retention of generation Y employees. The questionnaire used in the study was adapted from the previous literature. The sample size for the study was 250 and the questionnaire was administered to respondents from selected business organizations. The results indicate that working environment, growth opportunities and frequent feedback tend to enhance the retention of generation Y employees. However, no signifi cant association was found between compensation package and the retention of generation Y employees. The fi ndings of the study need to be carefully analyzed in view of its limitations. The data was gathered from a small sample of business organizations operating in Karachi, Pakistan and selected variables were used. Future studies may investigate the retention of generation Y employees by evaluating a larger sample of business organizations in Pakistan.Keywords: Compensation package, working environment, growth opportunities, frequent feedback, retention of generation Y employees.References
Astro, 2017, Mini Question on Work-environment, Available: ftp://ftp.astro.su.se /maercker /
sofi a/psych_questionaire.doc
Bencsik, A., Horváth-Csikós, G., & Juhász, T. (2016). Y and Z Generations at Workplaces.
Journal of Competitiveness, 8(3). 90-106
Bolton, R. N., Parasuraman, A., Hoefnagels, A., Migchels, N., Kabadayi, S., Gruber, T. & Solnet, D.
(2013). Understanding Generation Y and their use of social media: a review and research
agenda. Journal of Service Management, 24(3), 245-267.
Broadbridge, A. M., Maxwell, G. A., & Ogden, S. M. (2009). Selling retailing to Generation Y
graduates: recruitment challenges and opportunities. The International Review of Retail,
Distribution and Consumer Research, 19(4), 405-420.
Brown, E. A., Thomas, N. J., & Bosselman, R. H. (2015). Are they leaving or staying: A qualitative
analysis of turnover issues for Generation Y hospitality employees with a hospitality
education. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 46, 130-137.
Coates, T. K. (2017). Hearing the voices of Generation Y employees: A hermeneutic
phenomenological study. Human Resource Development International, 20(1), 37-67.
Davidmaister (2016). Compensation Package Scale, Available: http://davidmaister.com/wpcontent/
themes/davidmaister/pdf/pm_strategy.p.
Du-Plessis, L., Barkhuizen, N., Stanz, K., & Schutte, N. (2015). The management side of talent:
Causal implications for the retention of Generation Y employees. Journal of Applied
Business Research, 31(5), 1767-1780.
Eisner, S.P. (2005). Managing Generation Y. SAM Advanced Management Journal, 70(4), 4-15.
Ferri-Reed, J. (2014). Millennializing the workplace. The Journal for Quality and
Participation, 37(1), 13-14.
Fok, R. H., & Yeung, R. M. (2016). Work attitudes of Generation Y in Macau’s hotel industry:
management’s perspective. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 8(1), 83-96.
Griff eth, R. W., Hom, P. W., & Gaertner, S. (2000). A meta-analysis of antecedents and correlates
of employee turnover: Update, moderator tests, and research implications for the next
millennium. Journal of Management, 26(3), 463-488.
Gupta, N. D., & Kristensen, N. (2008). Work environment satisfaction and employee health:
panel evidence from Denmark, France and Spain, 1994–2001. The European Journal of
Health Economics, 9(1), 51-61.
Hair Jr., J. F., Wolfi nbarger, M., Money, A. H., Samouel, P., & Page, M. J. (2015). Essentials of
Business Research Methods. London: Routledge.
Jalil, S. W., Achan, P., Mojolou, D. N., & Rozaimie, A. (2015). Individual characteristics and
job performance: generation Y at SMEs in Malaysia. Procedia-Social and Behavioral
Sciences, 170, 137-145.
Jarvis, C. E. (2016). The impact of communication style on organizational assimilation: A
qualitative inquiry exploring generation y employees during their fi rst year of employment
with an organization (Doctoral dissertation). USA: Capella University.
Jensen, D., McMullen, T., & Stark, M. (2007). The Manager’s Guide to Rewards. New York:
Amacom.
Jeong, M., Lee, M., & Nagesvaran, B. (2016). Employees’ use of mobile devices and their
perceived outcomes in the workplace: A case of luxury hotel. International Journal of
Hospitality Management, 57, 40-51.
Jerome, A., Scales, M., Whithem, C., & Quain, B. (2014). Millennials in the workforce: Gen Y
workplace strategies for the next century. E-Journal of Social & Behavioural Research in
Business, 5(1), 1-12.
Karade, M. M., Gankar, S., & Bhagwat, A. (2015). A Perception Analysis of Managers and Gen
Y Employees towards Job Opportunities. KHOJ: Journal of Indian Management Research
and Practices, 1(1), 14-24.
Kaye, B., & Jordan-Evans, S. (2002). Retention tough in times. Training & Development, 56(1),
-32.
Kilber, J., Barclay, A., & Ohmer, D. (2014). Seven tips for managing Generation Y. Journal of
Management Policy and Practice, 15(4), 80-92.
Kim, H., Knight, D. K., & Crutsinger, C. (2009). Generation Y employees’ retail work experience:
The mediating eff ect of job characteristics. Journal of Business Research, 62(5), 548-556.
Kong, H., Wang, S., & Fu, X. (2015). Meeting career expectation: can it enhance job satisfaction
of Generation Y?. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 27(1),
-168.
Kultalahti, S., & Liisa-Viitala, R. (2014). Suffi cient challenges and a weekend ahead–Generation
Y describing motivation at work. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 27(4),
-582.
Lerner, D., Adler, D. A., Chang, H., Lapitsky, L., Hood, M. Y., Perissinotto, C., & Rogers, W. H.
(2004). Unemployment, job retention, and productivity loss among employees with
depression. Psychiatric Services, 55(12), 1371-1378.
Lewis, R. A. (2015). Generation Y at work: insight from experiences in the hotel
sector. International Journal of Business and Management, 3(1), 1-17.
Lockwood, N.R. (2006), Talent management: driver for organizational success HR content
program, SHRM Research Quarterly, available at: www.shrm.org/research/quarterly/
/0606RQuart.asp
Lowe, D., Levitt, K. J., & Wilson, T. (2008). Solutions for Retaining Generation Y Employees in
the Workplace. Business Renaissance Quarterly, 3(3). 43-58
Luscombe, J., Lewis, I., & Biggs, H. C. (2013). Essential elements for recruitment and retention:
Generation Y. Education + Training, 55(3), 272-290.
Macky, K., Gardner, D., Forsyth, S., (2008). Generational diff erences at work: introduction and
overview. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 23(8), 857- 861
Malik, S., & Khera, S. N. (2014). New generation–great expectations: Exploring the work
attributes of Gen Y. Global Journal of Finance and Management, 6(5), 433-438.
Martin, C. A. (2005). From high maintenance to high productivity: What managers need to
know about Generation Y. Industrial and Commercial Training, 37(1), 39-44.
Martin, C. A. & Tulgan, B. (2001). Managing generation Y. Massachusetts: HRD Press.
Naim, M. F., & Lenka, U. (2018). Development and retention of Generation Y employees: a
conceptual framework. Employee Relations, 40(2), 433-455.
Özçelik, G. and Fındıklı, M. A. (2014): The Relationship between Internal Branding and
Organizational Citizenship Behaviour: The Mediating Role of Person-organization Fit,
Procedia - Social and Behavioural Sciences, 150, 1120-1128.
Pereira, V., Malik, A., Howe-Walsh, L., Munjal, S., & Hirekhan, M. (2017). Managing
Yopatriates: A longitudinal study of generation Y expatriates in an Indian multi-national
corporation. Journal of International Management, 23(2), 151-165.
Phillips, D. R., & Roper, K. O. (2009). A framework for talent management in real estate. Journal
of Corporate Real Estate, 11(1), 7-16.
Prensky, M. (2001). Digital natives, digital immigrants part 1. On the Horizon, 9(5), 1-6.
Rappaport, A., Bancroft, E., & Okum, L. (2003). The aging workforce raises new talent
management issues for employers. Journal of Organizational Excellence, 23(1), 55-66.
Reisenwitz, T. H., & Iyer, R. (2009). Diff erences in Generation X and Generation Y: Implications
for the Organization and Marketers. Marketing Management Journal, 19(2), 777-780
Ren, S., Xie, Y., Zhu, Y., & Warner, M. (2018). New generation employees’ preferences towards
leadership style in China. Asia Pacifi c Business Review, 24(4), 437-458.
Rentz, K. C. (2015). Beyond the generational stereotypes: A study of US Generation Y
employees in context. Business and Professional Communication Quarterly, 78(2), 136-166.
Solnet, D., & Hood, A. (2008). Generation Y as hospitality employees: Framing a research
agenda. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 15(1), 59-68.
State Service Commission (2017). Available: Talentlyft (2017). Employees-Retention
Questionnaire, Available: http://www.ssc.govt.nz /upload/downloadable_fi les /CPDS-
-App3-Questionnaire.pdf
Talentlyft,( 2017), Employees-Retention Questionnaire, Available: https:// www.talentlyft.
com /en/ resources/employee-retention-survey-questions
Tubey, R., Kurgat, A., & Rotich, J. K. (2015). Employment expectations among generation y
employees in Kenya. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 1(1),
-18.
Tulgan, B. (2009). Not everyone gets a trophy: How to manage generation Y. New York: John
Wiley & Sons.
Wesner, M. S., & Miller, T. (2008). Boomers and millennials have much in common. Organization
Development Journal, 26(3), 89-96.
Wiedmer, T. (2015). Generations do diff er: Best practices in leading traditionalists, boomers,
and generations X, Y, and Z. Delta Kappa Gamma Bulletin, 82(1), 51-58.
Williams, S., & Turnbull, S. (2015). Developing the next generation of globally responsible
leaders: Generation Y perspectives and the implications for green HRD. Advances in
Developing Human Resources, 17(4), 504-521.
Winter, R. P., & Jackson, B. A. (2016). Work values preferences of Generation Y: performance
relationship insights in the Australian Public Service. The International Journal of Human
Resource Management, 27(17), 1997-2015.
Wong, M., Gardiner, E., Lang, W., Coulon, L. (2008). Generational diff erences in personality
and motivation: Do they exist and what are the implications for the workplace? Journal
of Managerial Psychology, 23(8), 878-890.
Zeiss T. 2004. Get’em While They’re Hot. How To Attract, Develop And Retain Peak Performers In
The Coming Labor Shortage. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Inc.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
- Copyright of all the submissions to the Market Forces will remain to the contributors.
- Anyone is allowed to distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon his/her work, even commercially, as long as it is credited/cited to the original contributors of the Market Forces.