Employee Turnover in Public Sector Banks of Pakistan

Authors

  • Masood Hassan Institute of Business Management, Karachi, Pakistan
  • Tahir Saeed Jagirani National Bank of Pakistan

Abstract

High employee turnover in selected public sector banks of Pakistan is a problematic issue. Therefore, the paper examines the effect of career development, job satisfaction, organizational commitment and organizational culture on employee turnover in four public sector banks of Pakistan. Using a sample of 200 employees from public banks, the study finds that career development, job satisfaction and job commitment tend to reduce employee turnover. On the contrary, the results also indicate that organizational culture has a positive effect on employee turnover. Future research may also consider the influence of other variables such as employee anxiety, supervisor behavior and workplace bullying on employee turnover. In addition, researchers may also examine the issue of employee turnover in other sectors of Pakistan. Keywords: Employee turnover, career development, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, organization culture.

References

Aguenza, B. B., & Som, A. P. M. (2018). Motivational factors of employee retention and

engagement in organizations. International Journal of Advances in Management and

Economics, 1(6), 89-95.

Ahmed, M., & Nawaz, N. (2015). Impact of organizational commitment on employee turnover:

A case study of Pakistan International Airlines (PIA). Industrial Engineering Letters, 5(8),

-6096.

Aldhuwaihi, A. (2013). The influence of organisational culture on job satisfaction, organisational

commitment and turnover intention: A study on the banking sector in the Kingdom of Saudi

Arabia (Doctoral dissertation). Victoria University, Australia.

Allen, N. J., & Meyer, J. P. (1990). Organizational socialization tactics: A longitudinal analysis

of links to newcomers’ commitment and role orientation. Academy of Management

Journal, 33(4), 847-858.

Ballout, H. I. (2009). Career commitment and career success: moderating role of selfefficacy.

Career Development International, 14(7), 655-670.

Biswakarma, G. (2016). Organizational career growth and employees’ turnover intentions:

An empirical evidence from Nepalese private commercial banks. International Academic

Journal of Organizational Behaviour and Human Resource Management, 3(2), 10-26.

Chatterjee, A., Pereira, A., & Bates, R. (2018). Impact of individual perception of organizational

culture on the learning transfer environment. International Journal of Training and

Development, 22(1), 15-33.

Chen, T. Y., Chang, P. L., & Yeh, C. W. (2004). A study of career needs, career development

programs, job satisfaction and the turnover intentions of R&D personnel. Career

Development International, 9(4), 424-437.

Dharmawan.A.H, Affandi. M.J, Hubesi. A. V & Rusdi. M (2015), Employee turnover intentions

in Indonesian banking, International Journal of Information Technology and Business

Management, 38(1), 31-36.

Flick, U. (2015). Introducing Research Methodology: A Beginner’s Guide to Doing a Research

Project. Germany: Sage Publications.

Haggalla. Y.U (2017).Study on organizational culture and turnover intention in international

information technology firms in Sri Lanka, International Journal of Scientific Research and

Innovative Technology. 4(2), 47-63.

Hair Jr, J. F., Wolfinbarger, M., Money, A. H., Samouel, P., & Page, M. J. (2015). Essentials of

Business Research Methods. New York: Routledge.

Hussain, T., & Asif, S. (2012). Is employees’ turnover intention driven by organizational

commitment and perceived organizational support. Journal of Quality and Technology

Management, 8(2), 1-10.

Ibrahim, M., & Al Falasi, S. (2014). Employee loyalty and engagement in UAE public

sector. Employee Relations, 36(5), 562-582

Jehanzeb, K., Rasheed, A., & Rasheed, M. F. (2013). Organizational commitment and turnover

intentions: Impact of employee’s training in private sector of Saudi Arabia. International

Journal of Business and Management, 8(8), 79-90.

Karavardar, G. (2014). Organizational career growth and turnover intention: an application

in audit firms in Turkey. International Business Research, 7(9), 67-76.

Kariuki, P. W. (2015). Factors affecting employee turnover in the banking industry in Kenya: a

case study of Imperial Bank Limited (Doctoral dissertation). United States International

University, Africa.

Kessler, L. L. (2014). The effect of job satisfaction on IT employees’ turnover intention in

Israel. Annals of the University of Oradea, Economic Science Series, 23, 1028-1038.

Khan, M. A. (2014). Organizational cynicism and employee turnover intention: Evidence

from banking sector in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Commerce & Social Sciences, 8(1), 30-

Kline, R. B. (2015). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling. New York: Guilford

Publications.

Kiruja, E. K., & Mukuru, E. (2018). Effect of motivation on employee performance in public

middle level technical training institutions in Kenya. International Journal of Advances in

Management and Economics, 2(4), 73-82.

Locke, E. A. (1969). What is job satisfaction? Organizational Behavior and Human

Performance,4, 309-336.

Mahdi, A. F., Zin, M. Z. M., Nor, M. R. M., Sakat, A. A., & Naim, A. S. A. (2012). The relationship

between job satisfaction and turnover intention. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 9(9),

-1526.

Mughal, M. N. (2015). Impact of job characteristics on turnover intentions: A study of the front

line employees in commercial banks. Academy of Contemporary Research Journal, 4(1),

-45.

Negash. M (2004). The Effects of Job Satisfaction on Employees’ Turnover Intention in Addis

Ababa Branches, Wegagen Banks.Co. Retrieved from https://docplayer.net/62227830-Theeffects-

of-job-satisfaction-on-employees-turnover-intention-in-addis-ababa-branches

-wegagen-bank-s-co-by-mekonnen-negash-addis-ababa-university.html

Patten, M. L., & Newhart, M. (2017). Understanding Research Methods: An Overview of the

Essentials. New York: Taylor & Francis.

Reina, C. S., Rogers, K. M., Peterson, S. J., Byron, K., & Hom, P. W. (2018). Quitting the boss?

The role of manager influence tactics and employee emotional engagement in voluntary

turnover. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 25(1), 5-18.

Saeed, I., Waseem, M., Sikander, S., & Rizwan, M. (2014). The relationship of turnover intention

with job satisfaction, job performance, leader member exchange, emotional intelligence

and organizational commitment. International Journal of Learning and Development, 4(2),

-256.

Salleh, R., Nair, M. S., & Harun, H. (2012). Job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and

turnover intention: A case study on employees of a retail company in Malaysia. World

Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 72(12), 316-323.

Weng, Q., & McElroy, J. C. (2012). Organizational career growth, affective occupational

commitment and turnover intentions. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 80(2), 256-265.

Worrell, S. A. (2018). A study of causes of and solutions to employee turnover at business

products: Massy Technologies Infocom Trinidad Limited (Doctoral dissertation).

Yamazakia, Y., & Petchdee, S. (2015). Turnover intention, organizational commitment, and

specific job satisfaction among production employees in Thailand. Journal of Business

and Management, 4(4), 22-38.

Downloads

Published

2019-06-17